Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population
Variablesa | All subjects (n = 610) | Non- XRT Group (n = 535) | C-XRT Group (n = 75) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Clinical, demographic, and symptom variables | ||||
 Age (years) | 82.00 ± 7.99 | 82.67 ± 7.98 | 81.64 ± 7.81 | 0.21 |
 Gender (M/F) | 320/290 | 291/244 | 29/46 | 0.013 |
 Body Mass Index, kg/m2 | 27.99 ± 6.02 | 28.11 ± 5.98 | 27.14 ± 6.32 | 0.10 |
 Race |  |  |  | 0.38 |
  White | 587 (96.4) | 516 (96.6) | 71 (94.7) |  |
  Blacks | 16 (2.6) | 12 (2.2) | 4 (5.3) |  |
  Hispanics | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) |  |  |
  Others | 3 (0.5) | 3 (0.6) |  |  |
 Hypertension | 542 (88.8) | 476 (88.9) | 66 (88) | 0.84 |
 Diabetes mellitus | 205 (33.60) | 176 (32.5) | 31 (41.3) | 0.15 |
 Hyperlipidemia | 355 (58.19) | 307 (57.3) | 48 (64) | 0.31 |
 Smoking history | 304 (49.83) | 251 (46.9) | 53 (70.6) | < 0.0001 |
 Prior stroke | 63 (10.33) | 53 (9.9) | 10 (13.33) | 0.41 |
 COPD | 263 (43.11) | 229 (42.8) | 34 (45.33) | 0.7 |
 CAD | 357 (58.52) | 307 (57.3) | 50 (66.67) | 0.13 |
 3-Vessel CAD | 170 (27.9) | 147 (27.5) | 23 (30.7) | 0.58 |
 End-stage renal disease | 31 (5.08) | 26 (4.8) | 5 (6.67) | 0.57 |
 Atrial fibrillation | 249 (40.81) | 223 (41.6) | 26 (34.6) | 0.26 |
 PAD | 224 (36.72) | 201 (37.57) | 23 (30.6) | 0.3 |
 Prior CABG | 192 (31.47) | 166 (31.0) | 26 (34.67) | 0.51 |
 Pacemaker Implant History | 100 (16.39) | 82 (15.33) | 18 (24.00) | 0.06 |
 ICM (EF < 50% with CAD) | 111 (18.19) | 97 (18.1) | 14 (18.67) | 0.87 |
 NYHA Class |  |  |  | 0.36 |
  I | 4 (0.7) | 4 (0.7) |  |  |
  II | 76 (12.5) | 65 (12.1) | 11 (14.7) |  |
  III | 462 (75.7) | 410 (76.6) | 52 (69.3) |  |
  IV | 68 (11.1) | 56 (10.5) | 12 (16.0) |  |
 Syncope | 38 (6.2) | 33 (6.17) | 5 (6.67) | 0.8 |
 Angina | 194 (31.8) | 172 (32.15) | 22 (29.33) | 0.69 |
 Dyspnea on exertion | 555 (91) | 487 (91.03) | 68 (90.67) | 0.83 |
 FEV1 (% of predicted) | 75.14 ± 24.6 | 75.16 ± 24.81 | 75.02 ± 23.73 | 0.96 |
 STS score, Mean | 9.03 ± 5.4 | 9.02 ± 5.41 | 9.11 ± 5.06 | 0.7 |
 STS Score, Median (Interquartile) | 8.1 (5.3–11) | 8.1 (5.3–11) | 8.1 (5.4–11) |  |
 KCCQ12 Index | 36.4 ± 19.6 | 36.80 ± 19.78 | 33.72 ± 18.2 | 0.2 |
Laboratory data | ||||
 Creatinine, mg/dl | 1.4 ± 1.1 | 1.38 ± 1.12 | 1.39 ± 1.10 | 0.92 |
 Glomerular filtration rate, mL/min per 1.73m2 | 53.6 ± 22.3 | 53.68 ± 22.45 | 52.79 ± 21.4 | 0.74 |
 Hemoglobin, mg/dl | 12 ± 1.8 | 12.07 ± 1.80 | 11.60 ± 1.49 | 0.03 |
Medications | ||||
 Aspirin | 402 (66) | 354 (66.1) | 48 (73.8) | 0.26 |
 Beta-blockers | 491 (80.5) | 433 (80.9) | 58 (81.6) | 1 |
 ACE-I/ARBs | 215 (35.2) | 200 (37.3) | 15 (23.0) | 0.02 |
 Statins | 356 (58.4) | 307 (75.3) | 49 (65.3) | 0.21 |
Echo Parameters | ||||
 LVEF | 54.6 ± 13 | 54.46 ± 13.1 | 55.65 ± 12.40 | 0.45 |
 AVA (cm2) | 0.65 ± 0.2 | 0.65 ± 0.2 | 0.63 ± 0.2 | 0.36 |
 Mean AV gradient (mm Hg) | 41.14 ± 15.28 | 40.87 ± 15.48 | 43.06 ± 13.67 | 0.24 |
 Peak AV gradient (mm Hg) | 67.04 ± 24.72 | 66.90 ± 25.02 | 68.05 ± 22.61 | 0.7 |
 LV-SVI (ml/m2) | 37.14 ± 13.50 | 36.72 ± 13.49 | 40.11 ± 13.30 | 0.04 |
 Abnormal LV-SVI (< 35 mL/m2) | 294 (48.2) | 271 (50.65) | 23 (30.67) | 0.001 |
 RVSP (mm Hg) | 47.24 ± 14 | 47.11 ± 14.13 | 48.18 ± 13.07 | 0.53 |
 Moderate-Severe AR | 99 (16.22) | 85 (15.89) | 14 (18.66) | 0.52 |
 Moderate-Severe MR | 127 (20.81) | 106 (19.81) | 21 (28.00) | 0.21 |
 Moderate-Severe TR | 110 (18.03) | 95 (17.76) | 15 (20.00) | 0.48 |
 Moderate-Severe MS | 45 (7.37) | 34 (6.36) | 11 (14.67) | 0.01 |