Skip to main content

Table 1 Cardiac metastases from colorectal cancer. Review of the literature

From: Metastatic colorectal carcinoma to the right atrium: a case report and review of the literature

 

Author

Age (years)/ Sex

Primary tumor site

Primary malignancy and stage

Time between initial diagnosis and discovery of cardiac metastasis (years)

Diagnostic modality of cardiac metastasis

Cardiac Site

Tumor size (cm)

Treatment

Outcome

Reference #

1

Henuzet (1982) [13]

60y/M

Rectum

NA

NA

TTE

RV

2

Resection

Dead

13

2

Nishada (1991) [14]

69y/M

Colon

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; NA

0.66

TTE and MRI

RA

10 × 8 × 3

Resection

Died 2 wk. after surgery

14

3

Massachussetts General Hospital (1992) [15]

75y/M

Colon

NA

NA

Autopsy

RV

7.5 × 4.5 × 4

No

Dead

15

4

Parravicini (1993) [16]

47y/M

Rectum

NA

2

Surgery

RV

10 × 4 × 3.5

Resection

Dead

16

5

Testempassi (1994) [17]

71y/M

Colon

Stage III

NA

MRI

RV

NA

NA

NA

17

6

Zipoli (1994) [18]

41y/F

Colon

M adenocarcinoma; NA

NA

TTE

RA

4.1 × 3.7

Resection

Died 6mo after resection of tumors

18

7

Teixeira (1997) [5]

81y/M

Colon

Mucinous adenocarcinoma; T3N0M0 (Stage II)-Duke B2

5

TTE and CT

RA

NA

Supportive

Died shortly after diagnosis of RA tumor

5

8

Lord (1999) [19]

71y/M

Rectum

Dukes C

3

TTE

RV

NA

No

Dead

19

9

Choufani (2001) [6]

59y/M

Colon

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; T3N1Mx (Stage III)

1.25

TTE

RA

5 × 3

Chemotherapy-Irinotecan

Alive at 10 mo from diagnosis of RA tumor

6

10

Koizumi (2003) [20]

65y/M

Colon

Well-differentiated adenocarcinoma; Stage III-Duke C

NA

TTE

RA

6 × 5

Resection

Lived for 11 mo after resection and without any chemotherapy

20

11

Oneglia (2005) [21]

70y/F

Colon

Duke C

NA

TTE, TEE

RV, Tricuspid valve

NA

Resection

Died a few hours after surgery

21

12

Lui (2004) [22]

71y/F

Rectum

Duke B

NA

TTE, CT scan, MRI

RV and RVOT

5 × 3.5

Resection

In hospital death

22

13

de la Fouchardière (2007) [12]

70y/F

Rectum

pT3N2

3.5

PET/ CT, TTE, CT scan

RV

6 × 3

Resection

Alive at 10 months from follow up on adjuvant chemotherapy

12

14

Moreno-Vega (2006) [23]

70y/F

Colon

pT3N2M1

NA

TTE, CT

RV

NA

Diagnostic pericardiocentesis

In hospital death

23

15

Choi (2009) [24]

70y/M

Colon

Moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma; T4N2M1 (Stage IV)

0

TTE

RA

5.5 × 5 × 3

Resection

Died 3 days postoperatively secondary to recurrent cardiac bleeding

24

16

Makhija (2009) [25]

70y/M

Rectum

Poorly differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma; T3N2M1 (Stage IV)

0

TTE

RA

5.6 (greatest diameter)

Debulking due to invasion of tumor in RA wall

Alive 4.66 years from time of diagnosis for rectal cancer

25

17

Ngow (2012) [26]

59y/M

Colon

Dysplastic polyp in sigmoid colon with ascites/ multiple lung nodules/ ascites (no tissue confirmation of malignancy)

NA

TTE

RA

5 × 6

None

Died prior to therapy due to cardiac arrest

26

18

Patel (2012) [4]

72y/M

Colon

Moderately differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma; T4bN2bM0 (Stage III)

3

TTE and TEE

RA

8.5 × 5 × 4

None

Sudden cardiac death secondary to pulmonary embolism related to malignancy

4

19

Butler (2012) [10]

77y/F

Rectosigmoid

Rectosigmoid well differentiated adenocarcinoma, T3N1 (Stage III) s/p surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy with 5-FU, levimasole and RT

17

CT

RA

NA

Surgery followed by chemotherapy

f/u PET/CT in 6 mo shows extension, treatment started with oxaliplatin with bevacizumab

10

20

Sudo (2013) [27]

70y/F

Colon cancer

NA (Article in Japanese)

NA

NA

RVOT

NA

Surgery

Living 2mo after

27

21

Mihali (2013) [28]

56y/M

Colon

Stage IV-metastatic to colon adenocarcinoma with adrenal, liver, bone, and mediastinal lymph nodes metastasis and paraneoplastic polymyositis

0

Autopsy

Diffuse micrometastases in myocardium

NA

NA

Death

28

22

Pontillo (2014) [7]

70y/M

Colorectal

Colorectal adenocarcinoma s/p L hemicolectomy and chemotherapy in remission

7

TTE and TEE

IVC into RA, also liver

NA

Standard medical therapy

Unknown

7

23

Reisenauer (2016) [29]

67y/M

Rectum

Stage IIIC adenocarcinoma

1

CT

Invasion into LA

7.6

Resection

Alive 1 mo post-discharge

29

24

Bianchi (2016) [9]

77y/F

Colon

Colonic adenocarcinoma-Dukes B cancer in the descending colon s/p surgery and 6mo chemotherapy

2

PET/ CT and TTE

Polylobular RA mass

4.1 × 3.5 × 3.5

Surgical excision followed by 1 cycle of FOLFIRI and bevacizumab

Death 3 months later due to pulmonary embolism

9

25

Kasama (2016) [30]

72y/M

Sigmoid colon

Stage IIIa later stage IV (metastatic to lungs)

NA

CT

RA

NA

Volume resection

Dead 3 months after surgery

30

26

Namireddy (2017) [11]

51y/M

Rectal

Rectal adenocarcinoma-T3N1aM0 s/p surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy

1

CT and TTE

RA

3.1 × 2.3

Surgery followed by systemic chemotherapy

NA

11

27

Ayyala (2017) [31]

69y/F

Rectal cancer

Rectal adenocracinoma s/p surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy

5

TTE

RA

4 × 3.5

None

NA

31

28

Tsujii (2017) [8]

76y/F

Colorectal

Well differentiated colorectal cancer (Stage IVb: cT2N0M1b)-metastatic to heart, lung-wild type KRAS

0

TTE, CT and MRI

RV

5.4 × 3.2 × 3.1

5-FU, oxaliplatin and panitumumab

Alive at 2 years after diagnosis

8

29

Elbatarny (2019) [32]

59y/M

Colon cancer

Colon cancer s/p surgery and chemotherapy

17

TTE and cardiac MRI

RV

Occupied 80% RV

Surgical debulking

NA

32

30

Graf (2019) [33]

70s y/M

Colon

Stage IV adenocarcinoma (metastatic to liver)

0

TTE and CT

RA/ RV/RVOT/Truncus pulmononalis microcavitations

microcavitations

Refused treatment

Death 4 mo after diagnosis

33

31

Current

59y/M

Colon

NA

5

TTE and cMRI

RA

8.3 × 6.5

Chemotherapy

Alive

 
  1. Abbreviations: VEGF Vascular Endothelial Growth factor, TEE transesophageal echocardiography, TEE transthoracic echocardiography, IVC Inferior Vena Cava, MLH MutL homolog, MSH MutS homolog, NYHA New York heart Association, SAAG Serum Ascitis Albumin Gradient, CMP Complete Metabolic Profile, CBC Complete Blood Count, PSA Prostrate Specific Antigen, CEA Carcinoembryonic Antigen, FOLFIRINOX leucovorin, fluorouracil, irinotecan, and oxaliplatin, NA Not Applicable