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Table 1 Risk of bias assessment of included studies

From: Immune checkpoint inhibitor-induced myocarditis in cancer patients: a case report and review of reported cases

First author

Q 1

Q 2

Q 3

Q 4

Q 6

Q 7

Q 8

Risk of bias

 

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

Y

N

 

Doms [7]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Esfahani [8]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Salem [9]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Matzen [10]

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Low

Läubli [11]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Zimmer [12]

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Behling [13]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Semper [14]

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Low

Mahmood [15]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Jain [16]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Liu [17]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Frigeri [18]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Norwood [19]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Arangalage [20]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Yogasundaram [21]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Tay [22]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Tadokoro [23]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Gibson [24]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Guiney [25]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Osnat [26]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Mehta [27]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Reuben [28]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Tajmir-Riahi [29]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Berg [30]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Samara [31]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Khoury [32]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Katsume [33]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Yanase [34]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Reddy [35]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Ganatra [36]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Fukusawa [37]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Heinzerling [71] Case 1,5 & 8

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Low

Imai [38]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Johnson [39] Case 1 & 2

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Nasr [40]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Rota [41] Case 1 & 2

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Yamaguchi [42]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Chen [43]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Nierstedt [44]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Christina [45]

 

X

X

 

X

   

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Copeland-Halperin [46]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Gallegos [47]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Inayat [48]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

   

Moderate

Lopez [49] Case 1

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Lopez [49] Case 2

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Martinez-Calle [50]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Monge [51]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Sakai [52]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Balanescru [53] Case 1

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Low

Balanescru [53] Case 2 & 3

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

Moderate

Guo [54] Case 1 & 3

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Low

Guo [54] Case 2 & 5

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Bukamur [55]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Agrawal [56] Case 1,2 & 3

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Low

Agrawal [56] Case 4

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Agrawal [56] Case 5

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

Moderate

Arora [57] Case 1,2,3,7

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Arora [57] Case 4

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Arora [57] Case 8

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Xing [58]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Kimura [59]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Fazel [60]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Hardy [61]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Saibil [62]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Ansari-Gilani [63]Case 1& 2

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Ansari-Gilani [63] Case 3

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

McDowall [64]

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

Moderate

Shah [65]

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Joseph [66]

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Zhang [67]

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

  

X

High

Konstantina [68] Case 1

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Konstantina [68] Case 2

 

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

 

X

  

X

High

Wang [69]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

von Itzstein [70]

 

X

X

 

X

  

X

X

 

X

 

X

 

High

Total:

87 cases

20

67

67

 

67

 

59

29

87

 

87

 

62

25

Low risk: 11

Moderate risk: 38

Moderate risk: 38

  1. Y: yes, N: no, Q: question
  2. Question 1: Does the patient(s) represent(s) the whole experience of the investigator (centre) or is the selection method unclear to the extent that other patients with similar presentation may not have been reported?
  3. Question 2: Was the exposure adequately ascertained?
  4. Question 3: Was the outcome adequately ascertained?
  5. Question 4: Were other alternative causes that may explain the observation ruled out?
  6. Question 5: Was there a challenge/re-challenge phenomenon?
  7. Question 6: Was there a dose–response effect?
  8. Question 7: Was follow-up long enough for outcomes to occur?
  9. Question 8: Is the case(s) described with sufficient details to allow other investigators to replicate the research or to allow practitioners make inferences related to their own practice?
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Cardio-Oncology

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