Palliative care referral criteria and outcomes in cancer and heart failure: a systematic review of literature

Cardio-Oncology

Table 2 Risk of Bias—Heart Failure

Bias Category						Individual Study
	Harding 2009	James 2010	Ezekowitz 2011	Unroe 2011	Greener 2014	Kheirbek 2015	Rogers 2017	Campbell 2018	Kane 2018	Ng Fat Hing 2018	Liu 2020	Roch 2020	Truby 2020	Avula 2000
Study design	M	H	M	H	H	H	L	M	M	H	H	M	L	H
Selection of non-exposed cohort	H	NS	NS	NS	M	M	L	M	M	M	H	H	L	NS
Bias due to confounding	H	M	M	H	M	M	L	M	M	M	H	H	L	H
Bias in classification of intervention	M	H	M	M	M	M	L	M	M	M	M	M	L	M
Bias due to deviations from intended intervention	L	M	L	M	M	NS	L	M	L	L	L	L	L	L
Bias due to missing data	L	L	L	M	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L	L
Bias in measurement of outcomes	M	M	M	M	M	M	L	M	M	M	L	M	M	M
Bias in selection of the reported result	M	M	M	M	M	M	L	M	M	M	M	M	L	M

L low risk of bias; M medium risk of bias; H high risk of bias; NS not specified or applicable
Studies shown by first author

ISSN: 2057-3804