Characteristics | Before matching | Â | SMD | After 1:2 matching | Â | SMD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Composite outcome (N = 320) Mean(SD);N or Count(%) | No composite outcome (N = 1639) Mean(SD);N or Count(%) | Composite outcome (N = 91) Mean(SD);N or Count(%) | No composite outcome (N = 572) Mean(SD);N or Count(%) | |||
Demographics | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Male gender | 219(68.43%) | 1122(68.45%) | <0.01 | 69(75.82%) | 429(75.00%) | 0.02 |
Female gender | 101(31.56%) | 517(31.54%) | <0.01 | 22(24.17%) | 143(25.00%) | 0.02 |
Baseline age, years | 64.0(12.8);n = 320 | 60.4(13.8);n = 1639 | 0.27a | 62.7(10.3);n = 91 | 63.1(10.1);n = 572 | 0.04 |
<40 | 16(5.00%) | 135(8.23%) | 0.13 | 4(4.39%) | 16(2.79%) | 0.09 |
[40, 50) | 24(7.50%) | 170(10.37%) | 0.1 | 6(6.59%) | 37(6.46%) | 0.01 |
[50-60) | 70(21.87%) | 411(25.07%) | 0.08 | 24(26.37%) | 131(22.90%) | 0.08 |
[60-70) | 106(33.12%) | 525(32.03%) | 0.02 | 36(39.56%) | 252(44.05%) | 0.09 |
[70-80) | 74(23.12%) | 317(19.34%) | 0.09 | 17(18.68%) | 116(20.27%) | 0.04 |
>=80 | 30(9.37%) | 81(4.94%) | 0.17 | 4(4.39%) | 20(3.49%) | 0.05 |
Past comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Charlson’s standard comorbidity index | 6.7(3.3);n = 320 | 6.0(3.3);n = 1639 | 0.23a | 7.0(3.1);n = 91 | 6.4(3.1);n = 572 | 0.18 |
Hypertension | 49(15.31%) | 207(12.62%) | 0.08 | 13(14.28%) | 75(13.11%) | 0.03 |
Liver diseases | 22(6.87%) | 171(10.43%) | 0.13 | 3(3.29%) | 21(3.67%) | 0.02 |
Hip fractures/accident falls | 19(5.93%) | 58(3.53%) | 0.11 | 9(9.89%) | 28(4.89%) | 0.19 |
Renal diseases | 55(17.18%) | 237(14.46%) | 0.07 | 12(13.18%) | 73(12.76%) | 0.01 |
Diabetes mellitus | 30(9.37%) | 126(7.68%) | 0.06 | 10(10.98%) | 50(8.74%) | 0.08 |
Malignant dysrhythmia | 10(3.12%) | 2(0.12%) | 0.24a | 0(0.00%) | 2(0.34%) | 0.08 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 3(0.93%) | 12(0.73%) | 0.02 | 2(2.19%) | 4(0.69%) | 0.13 |
Ischemic heart disease | 19(5.93%) | 42(2.56%) | 0.17 | 3(3.29%) | 12(2.09%) | 0.07 |
Peripheral vascular disease | 3(0.93%) | 8(0.48%) | 0.05 | 1(1.09%) | 2(0.34%) | 0.09 |
Endocrine diseases | 76(23.75%) | 472(28.79%) | 0.11 | 20(21.97%) | 146(25.52%) | 0.08 |
Gastrointestinal diseases | 230(71.87%) | 1182(72.11%) | 0.01 | 82(90.10%) | 469(81.99%) | 0.24a |
Stroke/transient ischemic attack | 17(5.31%) | 63(3.84%) | 0.07 | 3(3.29%) | 21(3.67%) | 0.02 |
Hospitalization | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Average readmission | 45.2(87.1);n = 312 | 73.1(209.5);n = 1564 | 0.17 | 31.0(35.6);n = 90 | 70.9(217.1);n = 557 | 0.26a |
Total episode number | 13.2(11.4);n = 312 | 14.4(14.4);n = 1564 | 0.09 | 14.5(9.0);n = 90 | 13.7(11.1);n = 557 | 0.08 |
Overall hospital stay, days | 40.4(38.3);n = 312 | 34.2(38.1);n = 1564 | 0.16 | 44.7(34.7);n = 90 | 31.0(30.4);n = 557 | 0.42a |
Medications | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
PD-L1 v.s. PD-1 | 11(3.43%) | 210(12.81%) | 0.35a | 11(12.08%) | 210(36.71%) | 0.60a |
PD-L1 expenditure, HKD | 58752.6(47219.8);n = 11 | 100319.9(100303.8);n = 210 | 0.53a | 58752.6(47219.8);n = 11 | 100319.9(100303.8);n = 210 | 0.53a |
Total PD-L1 dose amount, mg | 5127.3(4650.4);n = 11 | 13037.9(28128.8);n = 210 | 0.39a | 5127.3(4650.4);n = 11 | 13037.9(28128.8);n = 210 | 0.39a |
PD-L1 inhibitors duration, days | 84.6(114.7);n = 11 | 180.7(203.5);n = 210 | 0.58a | 84.6(114.7);n = 11 | 180.7(203.5);n = 210 | 0.58a |
PD-1 expenditure, HKD | 163440.0(284113.0);n = 309 | 200406.0(293311.2);n = 1441 | 0.13 | 183754.8(224766.1);n = 80 | 208066.4(265897.1);n = 374 | 0.1 |
Total PD-1 dose amount (mg) | 5146.2(21240.1);n = 309 | 2318.6(5983.5);n = 1441 | 0.18 | 3948.7(9243.4);n = 80 | 2135.1(3682.3);n = 374 | 0.26a |
PD-1 inhibitors duration, days | 172.1(197.1);n = 309 | 209.3(245.1);n = 1441 | 0.17 | 173.9(197.7);n = 80 | 214.9(241.5);n = 374 | 0.19 |
Anticoagulants | 171(53.43%) | 937(57.16%) | 0.08 | 47(51.64%) | 315(55.06%) | 0.07 |
Steroids | 171(53.43%) | 937(57.16%) | 0.08 | 47(51.64%) | 315(55.06%) | 0.07 |
Biomarkers | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio | 4.3(6.8);n = 320 | 4.6(6.3);n = 1632 | 0.05 | 3.5(1.8);n = 91 | 4.4(6.9);n = 572 | 0.19 |
Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio | 209.3(237.5);n = 320 | 212.9(245.2);n = 1633 | 0.02 | 199.9(135.5);n = 91 | 211.8(323.2);n = 572 | 0.05 |
Aspartate transaminase-to-alanine transaminase ratio | 1.7(1.7);n = 204 | 1.8(3.9);n = 1104 | 0.05 | 1.2(0.6);n = 52 | 1.5(2.2);n = 353 | 0.2 |
Triglyceride glucose index | 6.9(0.5);n = 106 | 7.1(0.6);n = 474 | 0.35a | 6.8(0.5);n = 28 | 7.1(0.6);n = 179 | 0.44a |
Urea-to-creatinine ratio | 72.9(30.7);n = 317 | 73.2(42.5);n = 1620 | 0.01 | 78.0(45.9);n = 91 | 68.1(25.3);n = 568 | 0.26a |
Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio | 0.4(0.4);n = 319 | 0.5(0.5);n = 1631 | 0.05 | 0.44(0.36);n = 90 | 0.45(0.45);n = 572 | 0.03 |
Complete blood counts | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Hb, g/dL | 12.9(1.9);n = 320 | 12.8(2.0);n = 1633 | 0.03 | 13.6(1.5);n = 91 | 13.0(1.9);n = 572 | 0.35a |
SD of Hb | 1.4(0.5);n = 320 | 1.3(0.6);n = 1627 | 0.14 | 1.5(0.4);n = 91 | 1.3(0.5);n = 569 | 0.41a |
Mean corpuscular volume, fL | 88.9(7.8);n = 320 | 87.8(8.2);n = 1633 | 0.13 | 89.9(5.1);n = 91 | 87.9(8.0);n = 572 | 0.29a |
Eosinophil, x10^9/L | 0.18(0.2);n = 320 | 0.19(0.33);n = 1632 | 0.02 | 0.21(0.21);n = 91 | 0.2(0.27);n = 572 | 0.05 |
Lymphocyte, x10^9/L | 1.6(1.0);n = 320 | 1.5(0.9);n = 1633 | 0.08 | 1.6(0.6);n = 91 | 1.5(0.7);n = 572 | 0.09 |
Metamyelocyte, x10^9/L | 0.3(0.6);n = 37 | 0.9(5.5);n = 188 | 0.13 | 0.35(0.36);n = 11 | 0.34(0.53);n = 61 | 0.02 |
Monocyte, x10^9/L | 0.54(0.3);n = 320 | 0.53(0.31);n = 1633 | 0.02 | 0.6(0.4);n = 91 | 0.5(0.3);n = 572 | 0.1 |
Neutrophil, x10^9/L | 5.0(3.2);n = 320 | 5.1(3.3);n = 1633 | 0.02 | 4.99(2.76);n = 91 | 5.02(3.28);n = 572 | 0.01 |
White blood count, x10^9/L | 7.41(3.71);n = 320 | 7.39(5.8);n = 1633 | 0 | 7.4(3.2);n = 91 | 7.3(3.7);n = 572 | 0.01 |
Mean cell haemoglobin, pg | 30.9(3.2);n = 320 | 30.6(3.4);n = 1633 | 0.08 | 31.4(2.4);n = 91 | 30.7(3.3);n = 572 | 0.24a |
Myelocyte, x10^9/L | 0.5(0.9);n = 50 | 0.8(3.3);n = 278 | 0.14 | 0.4(0.5);n = 16 | 0.7(1.6);n = 81 | 0.27a |
Platelet, x10^9/L | 248.7(100.8);n = 320 | 247.8(110.0);n = 1633 | 0.01 | 258.9(81.8);n = 91 | 251.6(101.4);n = 572 | 0.08 |
Red blood count, x10^12/L | 4.36(0.68);n = 320 | 4.4(0.71);n = 1633 | 0.06 | 4.54(0.51);n = 91 | 4.45(0.68);n = 572 | 0.14 |
Hematocrit, L/L | 0.38(0.05);n = 303 | 0.38(0.06);n = 1592 | 0.02 | 0.41(0.04);n = 79 | 0.39(0.05);n = 547 | 0.39a |
Renal and liver functions | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Potassium, mmol/L | 4.14(0.45);n = 318 | 4.12(0.43);n = 1623 | 0.03 | 4.12(0.39);n = 91 | 4.13(0.43);n = 570 | 0.02 |
Urate, mmol/L | 0.34(0.17);n = 96 | 0.32(0.13);n = 531 | 0.14 | 0.33(0.19);n = 32 | 0.34(0.11);n = 154 | 0.02 |
Albumin, g/L | 39.17(5.99);n = 318 | 39.2(5.89);n = 1621 | 0 | 40.4(4.3);n = 91 | 39.4(5.6);n = 569 | 0.21a |
Sodium, mmol/L | 139.0(3.8);n = 318 | 139.1(3.8);n = 1623 | 0.03 | 139.2(3.6);n = 91 | 139.3(3.4);n = 570 | 0.01 |
Urea, mmol/L | 5.7(2.8);n = 317 | 5.5(2.4);n = 1620 | 0.08 | 5.34(2.09);n = 91 | 5.3(1.76);n = 568 | 0.02 |
Protein, g/L | 72.6(12.5);n = 308 | 72.0(12.9);n = 1545 | 0.04 | 72.2(12.5);n = 87 | 71.6(14.7);n = 537 | 0.05 |
Bilirubin, umol/L | 11.9(16.6);n = 318 | 13.2(26.6);n = 1623 | 0.05 | 10.9(7.3);n = 91 | 11.4(20.3);n = 570 | 0.04 |
Creatinine, umol/L | 84.6(44.3);n = 320 | 85.0(65.3);n = 1632 | 0.01 | 78.0(42.3);n = 91 | 85.9(66.8);n = 571 | 0.14 |
SD of creatinine | 39.6(128.3);n = 319 | 34.7(98.1);n = 1623 | 0.04 | 28.8(55.2);n = 91 | 29.9(85.9);n = 567 | 0.01 |
Aspartate transaminase, U/L | 45.2(56.6);n = 221 | 56.2(111.7);n = 1150 | 0.12 | 29.0(15.0);n = 64 | 43.3(72.3);n = 379 | 0.27a |
SD of aspartate transaminase | 57.8(157.0);n = 198 | 59.9(195.2);n = 1052 | 0.01 | 30.5(74.7);n = 62 | 37.5(85.9);n = 347 | 0.09 |
Alkaline phosphatase, U/L | 98.9(76.8);n = 318 | 110.5(117.1);n = 1623 | 0.12 | 87.6(42.5);n = 91 | 104.4(106.1);n = 570 | 0.21a |
SD of alkaline phosphatase | 68.8(96.7);n = 317 | 64.0(94.8);n = 1611 | 0.05 | 62.9(90.6);n = 90 | 57.5(89.9);n = 565 | 0.06 |
Alanine transaminase, U/L | 36.0(69.2);n = 301 | 36.7(52.8);n = 1575 | 0.01 | 26.7(16.3);n = 79 | 32.1(30.9);n = 544 | 0.22a |
SD of alanine transaminase | 40.6(122.4);n = 300 | 35.6(75.3);n = 1555 | 0.05 | 21.6(21.1);n = 78 | 29.2(54.6);n = 534 | 0.18 |
Lipid, iron and calcium profile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Total iron-binding capacity, L | 41.4(14.2);n = 13 | 40.9(12.1);n = 90 | 0.04 | 61.3(15.3);n = 2 | 40.2(11.1);n = 20 | 1.58a |
VitaminB12, pmol/L | 305.1(109.5);n = 6 | 473.9(342.5);n = 43 | 0.66a | 304.0(145.7);n = 2 | 414.1(322.1);n = 15 | 0.44a |
Folate, ng/mL | 26.5(14.2);n = 8 | 21.1(9.5);n = 61 | 0.44a | 32.3(29.6);n = 2 | 19.0(6.8);n = 17 | 0.62a |
Ferritin, pmol/L | 3257.7(4708.7);n = 12 | 2431.4(4767.6);n = 74 | 0.17 | 5116.7(6053.8);n = 2 | 1623.6(2601.0);n = 20 | 0.75a |
Calcium, mmol/L | 2.31(0.14);n = 185 | 2.32(0.16);n = 896 | 0.06 | 2.34(0.1);n = 53 | 2.32(0.15);n = 287 | 0.1 |
SD of calcium | 0.09(0.06);n = 167 | 0.1(0.06);n = 820 | 0.05 | 0.09(0.06);n = 48 | 0.09(0.07);n = 266 | 0.01 |
Phosphate, mmol/L | 1.0(0.2);n = 159 | 1.1(0.2);n = 789 | 0.05 | 1.0(0.2);n = 41 | 1.1(0.2);n = 245 | 0.09 |
SD of phosphate | 0.17(0.12);n = 122 | 0.16(0.11);n = 663 | 0.05 | 0.17(0.12);n = 33 | 0.15(0.09);n = 208 | 0.16 |
Glycemic and clotting profile | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Triglyceride, mmol/L | 1.2(0.8);n = 110 | 1.5(1.1);n = 488 | 0.24a | 1.1(0.7);n = 30 | 1.5(1.3);n = 184 | 0.38a |
SD of triglyceride | 0.3(0.4);n = 46 | 0.4(0.5);n = 248 | 0.23a | 0.3(0.2);n = 8 | 0.4(0.6);n = 82 | 0.28a |
Glucose, mmol/L | 6.2(2.1);n = 294 | 6.3(2.3);n = 1479 | 0.03 | 6.1(1.5);n = 86 | 6.3(2.3);n = 522 | 0.13 |
SD of glucose | 1.55(1.26);n = 276 | 1.48(1.3);n = 1362 | 0.05 | 1.6(1.4);n = 83 | 1.5(1.4);n = 481 | 0.1 |
High sensitive troponin-I, ng/L | 1660.7(24305.4);n = 232 | 32.2(442.8);n = 909 | 0.09 | 106.2(718.1);n = 70 | 19.1(50.2);n = 302 | 0.17 |
SD of high sensitive troponin-I | 367.5(2445.0);n = 164 | 56.5(762.9);n = 591 | 0.17 | 101.3(453.4);n = 48 | 18.5(51.9);n = 197 | 0.26a |
APTT, second | 30.4(4.2);n = 118 | 30.9(5.8);n = 576 | 0.09 | 30.36(3.19);n = 34 | 30.44(3.98);n = 183 | 0.02 |
SD of APTT | 2.1(1.6);n = 79 | 2.7(3.3);n = 431 | 0.24a | 2.0(1.7);n = 22 | 2.1(1.8);n = 130 | 0.02 |
Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L | 326.8(437.7);n = 247 | 323.6(418.8);n = 1184 | 0.01 | 273.8(128.9);n = 72 | 307.3(380.9);n = 394 | 0.12 |
SD of lactate dehydrogenase | 133.2(228.0);n = 182 | 159.3(421.6);n = 958 | 0.08 | 131.0(187.3);n = 57 | 119.5(209.9);n = 308 | 0.06 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L | 4.4(1.0);n = 110 | 4.6(1.1);n = 489 | 0.18 | 4.9(1.4);n = 30 | 4.6(1.0);n = 184 | 0.24a |
SD of total cholesterol | 0.4(0.4);n = 46 | 0.5(0.4);n = 249 | 0.15 | 0.7(0.9);n = 8 | 0.5(0.4);n = 85 | 0.32a |
Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 2.5(0.9);n = 109 | 2.6(0.9);n = 474 | 0.13 | 3.0(1.3);n = 30 | 2.6(0.9);n = 178 | 0.3a |
SD of low-density lipoprotein | 0.38(0.35);n = 44 | 0.42(0.37);n = 239 | 0.11 | 0.7(0.8);n = 8 | 0.4(0.3);n = 80 | 0.45a |
High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L | 1.4(0.4);n = 109 | 1.3(0.4);n = 484 | 0.07 | 1.4(0.3);n = 30 | 1.3(0.4);n = 182 | 0.26a |
SD of high-density lipoprotein | 0.14(0.13);n = 42 | 0.14(0.13);n = 238 | 0.02 | 0.1(0.1);n = 8 | 0.2(0.1);n = 79 | 0.02 |