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Table 2 Clinical characteristics of patients who developed the composite outcome before and after 1:2 propensity score matching

From: Adverse Cardiovascular Complications following prescription of programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) and programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitors: a propensity-score matched Cohort Study with competing risk analysis

Characteristics

Before matching

 

SMD

After 1:2 matching

 

SMD

Composite outcome (N = 320) Mean(SD);N or Count(%)

No composite outcome (N = 1639) Mean(SD);N or Count(%)

Composite outcome (N = 91) Mean(SD);N or Count(%)

No composite outcome (N = 572) Mean(SD);N or Count(%)

Demographics

      

Male gender

219(68.43%)

1122(68.45%)

<0.01

69(75.82%)

429(75.00%)

0.02

Female gender

101(31.56%)

517(31.54%)

<0.01

22(24.17%)

143(25.00%)

0.02

Baseline age, years

64.0(12.8);n = 320

60.4(13.8);n = 1639

0.27a

62.7(10.3);n = 91

63.1(10.1);n = 572

0.04

<40

16(5.00%)

135(8.23%)

0.13

4(4.39%)

16(2.79%)

0.09

[40, 50)

24(7.50%)

170(10.37%)

0.1

6(6.59%)

37(6.46%)

0.01

[50-60)

70(21.87%)

411(25.07%)

0.08

24(26.37%)

131(22.90%)

0.08

[60-70)

106(33.12%)

525(32.03%)

0.02

36(39.56%)

252(44.05%)

0.09

[70-80)

74(23.12%)

317(19.34%)

0.09

17(18.68%)

116(20.27%)

0.04

>=80

30(9.37%)

81(4.94%)

0.17

4(4.39%)

20(3.49%)

0.05

Past comorbidities

      

Charlson’s standard comorbidity index

6.7(3.3);n = 320

6.0(3.3);n = 1639

0.23a

7.0(3.1);n = 91

6.4(3.1);n = 572

0.18

Hypertension

49(15.31%)

207(12.62%)

0.08

13(14.28%)

75(13.11%)

0.03

Liver diseases

22(6.87%)

171(10.43%)

0.13

3(3.29%)

21(3.67%)

0.02

Hip fractures/accident falls

19(5.93%)

58(3.53%)

0.11

9(9.89%)

28(4.89%)

0.19

Renal diseases

55(17.18%)

237(14.46%)

0.07

12(13.18%)

73(12.76%)

0.01

Diabetes mellitus

30(9.37%)

126(7.68%)

0.06

10(10.98%)

50(8.74%)

0.08

Malignant dysrhythmia

10(3.12%)

2(0.12%)

0.24a

0(0.00%)

2(0.34%)

0.08

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

3(0.93%)

12(0.73%)

0.02

2(2.19%)

4(0.69%)

0.13

Ischemic heart disease

19(5.93%)

42(2.56%)

0.17

3(3.29%)

12(2.09%)

0.07

Peripheral vascular disease

3(0.93%)

8(0.48%)

0.05

1(1.09%)

2(0.34%)

0.09

Endocrine diseases

76(23.75%)

472(28.79%)

0.11

20(21.97%)

146(25.52%)

0.08

Gastrointestinal diseases

230(71.87%)

1182(72.11%)

0.01

82(90.10%)

469(81.99%)

0.24a

Stroke/transient ischemic attack

17(5.31%)

63(3.84%)

0.07

3(3.29%)

21(3.67%)

0.02

Hospitalization

      

Average readmission

45.2(87.1);n = 312

73.1(209.5);n = 1564

0.17

31.0(35.6);n = 90

70.9(217.1);n = 557

0.26a

Total episode number

13.2(11.4);n = 312

14.4(14.4);n = 1564

0.09

14.5(9.0);n = 90

13.7(11.1);n = 557

0.08

Overall hospital stay, days

40.4(38.3);n = 312

34.2(38.1);n = 1564

0.16

44.7(34.7);n = 90

31.0(30.4);n = 557

0.42a

Medications

      

PD-L1 v.s. PD-1

11(3.43%)

210(12.81%)

0.35a

11(12.08%)

210(36.71%)

0.60a

PD-L1 expenditure, HKD

58752.6(47219.8);n = 11

100319.9(100303.8);n = 210

0.53a

58752.6(47219.8);n = 11

100319.9(100303.8);n = 210

0.53a

Total PD-L1 dose amount, mg

5127.3(4650.4);n = 11

13037.9(28128.8);n = 210

0.39a

5127.3(4650.4);n = 11

13037.9(28128.8);n = 210

0.39a

PD-L1 inhibitors duration, days

84.6(114.7);n = 11

180.7(203.5);n = 210

0.58a

84.6(114.7);n = 11

180.7(203.5);n = 210

0.58a

PD-1 expenditure, HKD

163440.0(284113.0);n = 309

200406.0(293311.2);n = 1441

0.13

183754.8(224766.1);n = 80

208066.4(265897.1);n = 374

0.1

Total PD-1 dose amount (mg)

5146.2(21240.1);n = 309

2318.6(5983.5);n = 1441

0.18

3948.7(9243.4);n = 80

2135.1(3682.3);n = 374

0.26a

PD-1 inhibitors duration, days

172.1(197.1);n = 309

209.3(245.1);n = 1441

0.17

173.9(197.7);n = 80

214.9(241.5);n = 374

0.19

Anticoagulants

171(53.43%)

937(57.16%)

0.08

47(51.64%)

315(55.06%)

0.07

Steroids

171(53.43%)

937(57.16%)

0.08

47(51.64%)

315(55.06%)

0.07

Biomarkers

      

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio

4.3(6.8);n = 320

4.6(6.3);n = 1632

0.05

3.5(1.8);n = 91

4.4(6.9);n = 572

0.19

Platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio

209.3(237.5);n = 320

212.9(245.2);n = 1633

0.02

199.9(135.5);n = 91

211.8(323.2);n = 572

0.05

Aspartate transaminase-to-alanine transaminase ratio

1.7(1.7);n = 204

1.8(3.9);n = 1104

0.05

1.2(0.6);n = 52

1.5(2.2);n = 353

0.2

Triglyceride glucose index

6.9(0.5);n = 106

7.1(0.6);n = 474

0.35a

6.8(0.5);n = 28

7.1(0.6);n = 179

0.44a

Urea-to-creatinine ratio

72.9(30.7);n = 317

73.2(42.5);n = 1620

0.01

78.0(45.9);n = 91

68.1(25.3);n = 568

0.26a

Monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio

0.4(0.4);n = 319

0.5(0.5);n = 1631

0.05

0.44(0.36);n = 90

0.45(0.45);n = 572

0.03

Complete blood counts

      

Hb, g/dL

12.9(1.9);n = 320

12.8(2.0);n = 1633

0.03

13.6(1.5);n = 91

13.0(1.9);n = 572

0.35a

SD of Hb

1.4(0.5);n = 320

1.3(0.6);n = 1627

0.14

1.5(0.4);n = 91

1.3(0.5);n = 569

0.41a

Mean corpuscular volume, fL

88.9(7.8);n = 320

87.8(8.2);n = 1633

0.13

89.9(5.1);n = 91

87.9(8.0);n = 572

0.29a

Eosinophil, x10^9/L

0.18(0.2);n = 320

0.19(0.33);n = 1632

0.02

0.21(0.21);n = 91

0.2(0.27);n = 572

0.05

Lymphocyte, x10^9/L

1.6(1.0);n = 320

1.5(0.9);n = 1633

0.08

1.6(0.6);n = 91

1.5(0.7);n = 572

0.09

Metamyelocyte, x10^9/L

0.3(0.6);n = 37

0.9(5.5);n = 188

0.13

0.35(0.36);n = 11

0.34(0.53);n = 61

0.02

Monocyte, x10^9/L

0.54(0.3);n = 320

0.53(0.31);n = 1633

0.02

0.6(0.4);n = 91

0.5(0.3);n = 572

0.1

Neutrophil, x10^9/L

5.0(3.2);n = 320

5.1(3.3);n = 1633

0.02

4.99(2.76);n = 91

5.02(3.28);n = 572

0.01

White blood count, x10^9/L

7.41(3.71);n = 320

7.39(5.8);n = 1633

0

7.4(3.2);n = 91

7.3(3.7);n = 572

0.01

Mean cell haemoglobin, pg

30.9(3.2);n = 320

30.6(3.4);n = 1633

0.08

31.4(2.4);n = 91

30.7(3.3);n = 572

0.24a

Myelocyte, x10^9/L

0.5(0.9);n = 50

0.8(3.3);n = 278

0.14

0.4(0.5);n = 16

0.7(1.6);n = 81

0.27a

Platelet, x10^9/L

248.7(100.8);n = 320

247.8(110.0);n = 1633

0.01

258.9(81.8);n = 91

251.6(101.4);n = 572

0.08

Red blood count, x10^12/L

4.36(0.68);n = 320

4.4(0.71);n = 1633

0.06

4.54(0.51);n = 91

4.45(0.68);n = 572

0.14

Hematocrit, L/L

0.38(0.05);n = 303

0.38(0.06);n = 1592

0.02

0.41(0.04);n = 79

0.39(0.05);n = 547

0.39a

Renal and liver functions

      

Potassium, mmol/L

4.14(0.45);n = 318

4.12(0.43);n = 1623

0.03

4.12(0.39);n = 91

4.13(0.43);n = 570

0.02

Urate, mmol/L

0.34(0.17);n = 96

0.32(0.13);n = 531

0.14

0.33(0.19);n = 32

0.34(0.11);n = 154

0.02

Albumin, g/L

39.17(5.99);n = 318

39.2(5.89);n = 1621

0

40.4(4.3);n = 91

39.4(5.6);n = 569

0.21a

Sodium, mmol/L

139.0(3.8);n = 318

139.1(3.8);n = 1623

0.03

139.2(3.6);n = 91

139.3(3.4);n = 570

0.01

Urea, mmol/L

5.7(2.8);n = 317

5.5(2.4);n = 1620

0.08

5.34(2.09);n = 91

5.3(1.76);n = 568

0.02

Protein, g/L

72.6(12.5);n = 308

72.0(12.9);n = 1545

0.04

72.2(12.5);n = 87

71.6(14.7);n = 537

0.05

Bilirubin, umol/L

11.9(16.6);n = 318

13.2(26.6);n = 1623

0.05

10.9(7.3);n = 91

11.4(20.3);n = 570

0.04

Creatinine, umol/L

84.6(44.3);n = 320

85.0(65.3);n = 1632

0.01

78.0(42.3);n = 91

85.9(66.8);n = 571

0.14

SD of creatinine

39.6(128.3);n = 319

34.7(98.1);n = 1623

0.04

28.8(55.2);n = 91

29.9(85.9);n = 567

0.01

Aspartate transaminase, U/L

45.2(56.6);n = 221

56.2(111.7);n = 1150

0.12

29.0(15.0);n = 64

43.3(72.3);n = 379

0.27a

SD of aspartate transaminase

57.8(157.0);n = 198

59.9(195.2);n = 1052

0.01

30.5(74.7);n = 62

37.5(85.9);n = 347

0.09

Alkaline phosphatase, U/L

98.9(76.8);n = 318

110.5(117.1);n = 1623

0.12

87.6(42.5);n = 91

104.4(106.1);n = 570

0.21a

SD of alkaline phosphatase

68.8(96.7);n = 317

64.0(94.8);n = 1611

0.05

62.9(90.6);n = 90

57.5(89.9);n = 565

0.06

Alanine transaminase, U/L

36.0(69.2);n = 301

36.7(52.8);n = 1575

0.01

26.7(16.3);n = 79

32.1(30.9);n = 544

0.22a

SD of alanine transaminase

40.6(122.4);n = 300

35.6(75.3);n = 1555

0.05

21.6(21.1);n = 78

29.2(54.6);n = 534

0.18

Lipid, iron and calcium profile

      

Total iron-binding capacity, L

41.4(14.2);n = 13

40.9(12.1);n = 90

0.04

61.3(15.3);n = 2

40.2(11.1);n = 20

1.58a

VitaminB12, pmol/L

305.1(109.5);n = 6

473.9(342.5);n = 43

0.66a

304.0(145.7);n = 2

414.1(322.1);n = 15

0.44a

Folate, ng/mL

26.5(14.2);n = 8

21.1(9.5);n = 61

0.44a

32.3(29.6);n = 2

19.0(6.8);n = 17

0.62a

Ferritin, pmol/L

3257.7(4708.7);n = 12

2431.4(4767.6);n = 74

0.17

5116.7(6053.8);n = 2

1623.6(2601.0);n = 20

0.75a

Calcium, mmol/L

2.31(0.14);n = 185

2.32(0.16);n = 896

0.06

2.34(0.1);n = 53

2.32(0.15);n = 287

0.1

SD of calcium

0.09(0.06);n = 167

0.1(0.06);n = 820

0.05

0.09(0.06);n = 48

0.09(0.07);n = 266

0.01

Phosphate, mmol/L

1.0(0.2);n = 159

1.1(0.2);n = 789

0.05

1.0(0.2);n = 41

1.1(0.2);n = 245

0.09

SD of phosphate

0.17(0.12);n = 122

0.16(0.11);n = 663

0.05

0.17(0.12);n = 33

0.15(0.09);n = 208

0.16

Glycemic and clotting profile

      

Triglyceride, mmol/L

1.2(0.8);n = 110

1.5(1.1);n = 488

0.24a

1.1(0.7);n = 30

1.5(1.3);n = 184

0.38a

SD of triglyceride

0.3(0.4);n = 46

0.4(0.5);n = 248

0.23a

0.3(0.2);n = 8

0.4(0.6);n = 82

0.28a

Glucose, mmol/L

6.2(2.1);n = 294

6.3(2.3);n = 1479

0.03

6.1(1.5);n = 86

6.3(2.3);n = 522

0.13

SD of glucose

1.55(1.26);n = 276

1.48(1.3);n = 1362

0.05

1.6(1.4);n = 83

1.5(1.4);n = 481

0.1

High sensitive troponin-I, ng/L

1660.7(24305.4);n = 232

32.2(442.8);n = 909

0.09

106.2(718.1);n = 70

19.1(50.2);n = 302

0.17

SD of high sensitive troponin-I

367.5(2445.0);n = 164

56.5(762.9);n = 591

0.17

101.3(453.4);n = 48

18.5(51.9);n = 197

0.26a

APTT, second

30.4(4.2);n = 118

30.9(5.8);n = 576

0.09

30.36(3.19);n = 34

30.44(3.98);n = 183

0.02

SD of APTT

2.1(1.6);n = 79

2.7(3.3);n = 431

0.24a

2.0(1.7);n = 22

2.1(1.8);n = 130

0.02

Lactate dehydrogenase, U/L

326.8(437.7);n = 247

323.6(418.8);n = 1184

0.01

273.8(128.9);n = 72

307.3(380.9);n = 394

0.12

SD of lactate dehydrogenase

133.2(228.0);n = 182

159.3(421.6);n = 958

0.08

131.0(187.3);n = 57

119.5(209.9);n = 308

0.06

Total cholesterol, mmol/L

4.4(1.0);n = 110

4.6(1.1);n = 489

0.18

4.9(1.4);n = 30

4.6(1.0);n = 184

0.24a

SD of total cholesterol

0.4(0.4);n = 46

0.5(0.4);n = 249

0.15

0.7(0.9);n = 8

0.5(0.4);n = 85

0.32a

Low-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

2.5(0.9);n = 109

2.6(0.9);n = 474

0.13

3.0(1.3);n = 30

2.6(0.9);n = 178

0.3a

SD of low-density lipoprotein

0.38(0.35);n = 44

0.42(0.37);n = 239

0.11

0.7(0.8);n = 8

0.4(0.3);n = 80

0.45a

High-density lipoprotein, mmol/L

1.4(0.4);n = 109

1.3(0.4);n = 484

0.07

1.4(0.3);n = 30

1.3(0.4);n = 182

0.26a

SD of high-density lipoprotein

0.14(0.13);n = 42

0.14(0.13);n = 238

0.02

0.1(0.1);n = 8

0.2(0.1);n = 79

0.02

  1. a for SMD≥0.2; SD: Standard deviation; SMD: Standard mean difference; APTT: applied partial thromboplastin test; PD-1: Programmed death 1 inhibitors; PD-L1: programmed death 1 ligand inhibitors
  2. # indicates the difference between patients with/without the composite outcome