Table 5 LGE changes at RT-induced MCT studies using MRI

Machann et al.,[49]

31

HL

-

26% and 3% of the whole cohort demonstrated ischemic and cardiomyopathic late enhancement, respectively at 24 years post-RT

-

-

Van Der Velde et al., [50]

80

HL & NHL

-

In 25% of patients at 20 years post-RT.

-

-

Traber et al., [51]

10

Thoracic malignancy

-

-

Only 2 patients (out of 10) demonstrated LGE at the baseline with no other LGE findings during RT

-

Bergom et al.,[48]

20

Breast

-

-

No LGE was observed at 8.3 years.

-

Takagi et al., [57]

24

Esophagus

-

LGE changes were noticed at 1.5 year follow up

among 79% of participants

(7% vs 78%, P<0.01)

No significant prevalence of LGE at 0.5 year follow up (p=0.16)

-

Tahir et al., [55]

66

Breast

-

-

No LGE at all timepoints for both treatments

-

Umezawa et al.,[67]

24

Esophagus

-

Higher LGE percentage in

60 Gy dose line (21.21%), and 40 Gy dose line (15.38%) in 12 of 24 patients who demonstrated LGE increased in 23.5 months

0% LGE percentage at segments out of

the radiation field

-

Umezawa et al.,[56]

19

Esophagus

At 6 months: -0.2% signal decrease corresponding to 0-10 Gy

At 1.5 year: -0.8%,

-3.2%, -1.9%, -4.4% signal decrease corresponding to 0-10 Gy, 10-20 Gy,

20-30 Gy, 30-40 Gy, respectively.

At 6 months: 0.4%, 1.1%, 5.7%, 35.7%, and 38.1% signal increase corresponding to 10-20 Gy, 20-30 Gy, 30-40 Gy, 40-50 Gy, and 50-60 Gy, respectively.

At 1.5 year: 17.5%, and 20.1% signal increase corresponding to 40-50 Gy, and 50-60 Gy, respectively.

-

A progressive increase of signal was noted at >30 Gy at both time points (6 months and 1.5 year).

Huang et al., [68]

7

Lymphoma

&

esophagus

-

-

-

1) A linear relation between LA scar-enhanced volume and mean dose with an average LA scar volume of 2.5 cm³ and average mean dose of 25.9 Gy

(R2 = 0.8514, p=0.03) at 3.1 years.

2) linear relation between radiation received by the cardiac tissue and the ratio of (LA scar/LA wall) at 3.1 years.

Burke et al., [60]

11

Esophagus

-

LGE was noted at the

subepicardial and mid-wall after 3-5 months following therapy

-

-

Mukai-Yatagai et al., [64]

1

Esophagus

-

-

No signs of LGE at 8 years

-

Ricco et al., [62]

28

Chest tumor

-

LGE noted in 9/28 patients of 2.3 ml (0.2-6.1), at left myocardium or septum at 46.4 months.

-

de Groot et al.,[63]

40

Esophagus

-

-

No significant difference between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and control group at 67.6 months post-RT

-

Lideståhl et al.,[53]

21

Lung

-

-

No visual signs of LGE were detected at 2- and 6-month post-RT

-

de Goyet et al.,[58]

81

Leukemia, HL, NHL, sarcoma, and other cancers

-

At 2-year follow-up (4.4±2%) compared to baseline (4.0±1.6%), P<0.05

Between baseline (4.0±1.6%) and 1-year follow-up (4.3±2)

Increase of LV myocardial scarring (0.4±1.5%, P<0.05) at 2-year follow-up was correlated with the radiation dose received by 20% of volume of the LV (11.9±4.0 Gy; r=0.85; P<0.05).