Table 2 Peak and Submaximal CPET Parameters

Number

20

18

18

22

Age at CPET (years)

13.9 ± 2.3

15.4 ± 3.2

0.10

14.3 ± 2.6

15.1 ± 3.2

0.36

Weight (kg)

52.2 ± 13.7

66.0 ± 15.8

0.01

51.6 ± 14.4

59.8 ± 11.5

0.03

Height (cm)

162.4 ± 14.1

166.5 ± 13.6

0.81

156.4 ± 13.0

159.2 ± 8.3

0.27

BMI (kg/m²)

19.5 ± 3.1

23.6 ± 3.9

0.0006

20.7 ± 3.5

23.6 ± 4.5

0.02

Peak CPET Parameters

pHR (beats/min)

189 ± 8

188 ± 14

0.92

187 ± 5

189 ± 8

0.70

pSBP (mmHg)

148 ± 24

147 ± 20

0.82

141 ± 20

149 ± 22

0.85

pWR (W)

146 ± 44

128 ± 48

0.24

110 ± 41

97 ± 28

0.22

pWR/kg (W/kg)

2.73 ± 0.39

1.92 ± 0.43

< 0.0001

2.02 ± 0.40

1.62 ± 0.39

< 0.0001

pVO2 (L/min)

2.23 ± 0.53

1.89 ± 0.53

0.064

1.79 ± 0.52

1.42 ± 0.30

0.007

pVO2/kg (ml/kg/min)

42.5 ± 5.2

29.1 ± 4.9

< 0.0001

36.4 ± 7.0

24.0 ± 4.7

< 0.0001

%PmaxVO2 (%)

94.4 ± 11.4

64.0 ± 10.3

< 0.0001

102 ± 18

64.7 ± 11.1

< 0.0001

pOP (ml)

12.2 ± 3.0

10.1 ± 2.9

0.04

9.4 ± 2.5

7.7 ± 1.7

0.02

pOP/kg (ml/kg)

0.23 ± 0.03

0.16 ± 0.03

< 0.0001

0.19 ± 0.03

0.13 ± 0.03

< 0.0001

pVE (L/min)

81.9 ± 21.4

77.5 ± 20.3

0.54

64.3 ± 15.7

57.2 ± 17.8

0.20

pRER

1.20 ± 0.08

1.28 ± 0.16

0.092

1.21 ± 0.09

1.26 ± 0.13

0.18

Submaximal CPET Parameters

VAT (L/min)

1.36 ± 0.35

1.19 ± 0.36

0.15

1.20 ± 0.33

0.99 ± 0.27

0.03

VAT/kg (ml/kg/min)

26.6 ± 5.3

18.4 ± 4.5

< 0.0001

24.5 ± 5.0

16.8 ± 4.7

< 0.0001

Δ[VO2/kg]/ΔHR (ml/kg/min)

0.36 ± 0.07

0.25 ± 0.07

< 0.0001

0.32 ± 0.10

0.19 ± 0.07

< 0.0001

ΔHR/Δ[WR/kg] (kg/W)

31.6 ± 7.6

39.6 ± 11.8

0.02

36.2 ± 9.2

47.9 ± 12.9

0.003

ΔVE/ΔVCO2

23.5 ± 1.9

24.2 ± 4.1

0.52

24.7 ± 3.0

25.0 ± 3.2

0.73

ΔVO2/ΔWR (L/min/W)

11.3 ± 1.7

9.5 ± 3.8

0.11

12.4 ± 4.8

8.9 ± 7.6

0.006